Technical institutes and career schools. Also called proprietary or trade schools. Generally private, focusing on hands-on instruction in specific occupations. Programs often lead to diplomas or certificates of completion. In some cases, classes may satisfy the instructional requirements for eligibility to take certification or licensing exams.
Community and technical colleges. Offer certificate and degree programs in occupational areas. Generally public. Usually require general education courses as part of completing program. Often have noncredit coursework in many occupational areas. Courses may satisfy the eligibility requirements for licensing or certification in occupations such as food-service management, real estate, day care, and nursing assistant.
Apprenticeships. An organized and supervised program of direct, hands-on training, instruction, and practice. The student often works with a mentor. Prepares students for employment in specific trades and technical fields such as plumbing, construction, carpentry, and culinary arts.
Military. Each branch of the military has many specialized areas of training, with different levels of expertise within each area. Army and Marine Corps refer to these areas as Military Occupational Specialties, or MOS.The Navy uses Navy Enlisted Ratings (NER), Navy Limited Duty Officers (LDO), and Navy Warrant Officers (NWO). The Coast Guard uses Aviator (CGA), Enlisted (CGR), and Warrant (CGW). The Air Force uses Air Force Specialties (AFS). Occupational training within the military often satisfies requirements for occupations after leaving the military.
Government training programs. A variety of job training programs, designed especially for disadvantaged students. Programs include Job Corps, school-to-work, training for people who are unemployed or on welfare, and regional training centers that teach a variety of occupational skills.
Business and industry programs. Offer training programs for specific skills. Range from one-hour seminars introducing specific software to long-term programs teaching telephone system installation and repair.
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